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Dumb Crypto in Smart Grids: Practical Cryptanalysis of the Open Smart Grid Protocol, by Philipp Jovanovic and Samuel Neves

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This paper analyses the cryptography used in the Open Smart Grid Protocol (OSGP). The authenticated encryption (AE) scheme deployed by OSGP is a non-standard composition of RC4 and a home-brewed MAC, the ``OMA digest''. We present several practical key-recovery attacks against the OMA digest. The first and basic variant can achieve this with a mere $13$ queries to an OMA digest oracle and negligible time complexity. A more sophisticated version breaks the OMA digest with only $4$ queries and a time complexity of about $2^{25}$ simple operations. A different approach only requires one arbitrary valid plaintext-tag pair, and recovers the key in an average of $144$ \emph{message verification} queries, or one ciphertext-tag pair and $168$ \emph{ciphertext verification} queries. Since the encryption key is derived from the key used by the OMA digest, our attacks break both confidentiality and authenticity of OSGP.

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